Discovery of antibiotics from Archaea using deep learning. Credit: Nature Microbiology (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41564-025-02061-0 They've survived for billions of years in boiling acid, deep-sea vents and salt flats. Now, some of Earth's oldest life forms—microbes called Archaea—are offering a new weapon in the fight against one of today's most urgent health threats: antibiotic resistance. In a study published in Nature Microbiology, researchers at the Univer