Conceptual framework of the study. This figure summarizes the theoretical foundations—anthropomorphism, mind perception, narrative identity, and ethical rehearsal—and shows how they inform the narrative coding process, from four relational dimensions to six narrative types and three narrative phases. Credit: AI & SOCIETY (2026). DOI: 10.1007/s00146-025-02830-9 Researchers at University of Tsukuba examined how artificial intelligence (AI) is represented in