Shutterstock / Shy Radar Chatbots are building intimate “algorithmic self-portraits” of users as they retain information to offer a hyper-personalized experience, researchers warn. A recent study, conducted by a coalition of scientists in Germany, India and the Netherlands and presented at the ACM Web Conference 2026, investigated the ways that OpenAI’s ChatGPT has tracked and made sense of user inputs to develop comprehensive digital profiles of users. In