The proposed theory in this study explains the complex size- and time-dependent growth of nanoparticles, representing a fundamental shift in nanoparticle research. Credit: Ph.D. student Jingyu Kang, Dr. Ji-Hyun Kim, and Professor Jaeyoung Sung / Chung-Ang University Nanoparticles have diverse applications in modern science and industry, powering technologies like quantum-dot displays, nanocatalysts and drug delivery. Their unique physicochemical properties