Schematic diagram of the PV-BSS where the solid lines represent the energy flow and the dashed lines represent the market flow. Credit: IEEE Access (2025). DOI: 10.1109/access.2025.3615960 Solar power generation largely depends on weather conditions. When generation deviates from the planned output, the electricity market imposes penalty fees called "imbalance penalties." Researchers at University of Tsukuba have developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-b