The distribution of village clusters. Blue triangles are village clusters included in the analytic sample (n = 313). Yellow circles are Twitter tweets (count = 20,235). Province colors denote province-level mean wealth, e.g., lighter is less wealthy, darker is more wealthy. Axes are geocoordinates (latitudes and longitudes). Credit: Digital Pulse of Development: Constructing Poverty Metrics from Social Media Discourse (2025). How can researchers measure po